What causes acute renal failure?
Acute renal failure has three main causes:
· A sudden, serious drop in blood flow to the kidneys. Heavy blood loss, an
injury, or a bad infection called sepsis can reduce blood flow to the kidneys.
Not enough fluid in the body (dehydration) also can harm the kidneys.
· Damage from some medicines, poisons, or infections. Most people don't have
any kidney problems from taking medicines. But people who have serious,
long-term health problems are more likely than other people to have a kidney
problem from medicines. Examples of medicines that can sometimes harm the
kidneys include:
Antibiotics, such as gentamicin and streptomycin.
Pain medicines, such as aspirin and ibuprofen.
Some blood pressure medicines, such as ACE inhibitors.
The dyes used in some X-ray tests.
· A sudden blockage that stops urine from flowing out of the kidneys.Kidney
stones, a tumor, an injury, or an enlarged prostate gland can cause a
blockage.
You have a greater chance of getting acute renal failure if:
· You are an older adult.
· You have a long-term health problem such as kidney or liver disease,
diabetes,high blood pressure, heart failure, or obesity.
· You are already very ill and are in the hospital or intensive care (ICU).
Heart or belly surgery or a bone marrow transplant can make you more likely to
havekidney failure.
Risk factors
Acute kidney failure usually occurs in connection with another medical
condition or event. Most people who experience acute kidney failure are already
in the hospital for other reasons. Conditions that increase your risk of acute
kidney failure include:
· advanced age
· bladder outlet obstruction
· chronic infection
· diabetes
· heart failure
· high blood pressure
· immune disorders ( lupus, IgA nephropathy and scleroderma)
· kidney diseases
· liver diseases
· prostate gland enlargement
· shock of any kind that causes decrease blood flow through the body
· various blood disorders
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